Which processes are involved in the central dogma?

• A. Replication and transcription.
• B. Transcription and translation.
• C. Translation and replication.
• D. Transcription and replication.

Answer: (B)

The idea being tested is how genetic information is used to make a protein. The central dogma describes a flow: information stored in DNA is first transcribed into RNA, and then that RNA is translated into a protein. Transcription converts DNA sequences into messenger RNA, while translation reads that RNA and assembles the corresponding amino acids into a polypeptide. Replication, while crucial for copying DNA for cell division, does not produce an RNA or protein product from a DNA template, so it isn’t part of the information transfer pathway that builds proteins. That’s why transcription and translation are the processes involved.