Which statement summarizes Mendel's Law of Segregation?

• A. The two factors for each trait separate into gametes.
• B. The zygote contains both factors from each parent.
• C. DNA is inherited from both parents equally.
• D. Alleles for different genes assort independently.

Answer: (A)

Mendel's Law of Segregation says that for each gene, there are two alleles in a diploid organism and these alleles separate during the formation of gametes, so each gamete gets only one allele. When fertilization happens, the zygote receives one allele from each parent, restoring the pair for that gene. The statement that the two alleles for each trait separate into gametes captures this idea precisely.

The other ideas describe related concepts but not the segregation of alleles into gametes: a zygote having both parental alleles is a result of fertilization, not the separation process itself; inheritance from both parents is true in general but not the mechanism of segregation; and independence of assortment applies to different genes, not to the separation of alleles for a single gene.